六月份高機率機經聽力：Romanticism V.S. Realism

用簡單幾個表格帶同學快速了解Romanticism 及 realism的特色及不同處！
 

              

原始中文機經：American literature 的變遷。浪漫主義,和現實主義文學。

表格1:

               ROMANTIC                                     NON-ROMANTIC/CLASSICAL

               Emotional                                                Reasonable and Practical

               Individualistic                                           Public Responsibility

               Revolutionary                                          Conservative

               Loves Solitude & Nature                          Loves Public, Urban Life

               Fantasy/Introspection                              External Reality

               The Particular                                           The Universal

               Subjective Perception                              Objective Science 

               Satisfaction of Desire                               Desire Repressed 情感壓抑的

               Organic 富含生命力的                              Mechanical  機械的

               Creative Energy/Power                            Form 制式化

               Exotic                                                       Mundane

               "Noble Savage"/Outcasts                         Bourgeois Family 中產階級家庭

Romanticism

表格2:                                   

Genre	American Author	Perceived the individual as...
Romantics	Ralph Waldo Emerson	a god
Realists	Henry James William Dean Howells Mark Twain	simply a person

American Realism 代表作家： Mark Twain

Plot and character

現實主義顧名思義就是故事反應現實社會狀況，所以一般認為命運掌握在人的手中，也大多描述中產階級   (bourgeois Family)的平凡人的故事，

• Character is more important than action and plot; complex ethical choices are often the subject.

•  Characters appear in the real complexity of temperament and motive; they are in explicable relation to nature, to each other, to their social class, to their own past.

• Humans control their destinies; characters act on their environment rather than simply reacting to it.

• Renders reality closely and in comprehensive detail.  Selective presentation of reality with an emphasis on verisimilitude (真實性), even at the expense of a well-made plot.

• Events will usually be plausible.  Realistic novels avoid the sensational, dramatic elements of naturalistic novels and romances.

• Class is important; the novel has traditionally served the interests and aspirations of an insurgent middle class.